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Survey finds 30% of Singapore secondary school students claim they have been bulliedSurvey finds 30% of Singapore secondary school students claim... I refer to the CNA report, “An underreported problem? Survey finds 30% of Singapore secondary school students claim they have been bullied.” (May 30) and “Jail for man who punched taxi driver for overtaking him” (June 05). Most of us don’t like to see the occurrences of bullying in schools, as it reflects where...

Trump blinked again on tariffs, but China isn't in the clearTrump blinked again on tariffs, but China isn't in the clear I refer to the CNA’s Commentary: Trump blinked again on tariffs, but China isn't in the clear. (May 15) One deniable fact: There are no winners on either side (between China and the United States) in the trade and tariff war. Yet, Trump still persists to do it. It is not surprising that Trump has increased China's...

Podcasts didn't decide GE2025Podcasts didn't decide GE2025 I refer to the CNA’s Commentary: Podcasts didn't decide GE2025, but they changed how Singaporeans engage with politics (May 9). The 2025 General Election has several features/characteristics that deserve our attention, discussion and reflection: In today era, technological revolution, innovation and advancement...

GE2025: Stunning victory for PAPGE2025: Stunning victory for PAP I refer to the CNA’s report, “GE2025: Stunning victory for PAP, winning 87 of 97 seats with higher national vote share in PM Wong's first electoral test” (May 4). GE2025 has clearly delivered the following key messages/notes from the vast majority of voters: The Workers’ Party (WP) has done a fantastic good...

This is not a game of cardsThis is not a game of cards I can appreciate parties wanting to hold their cards close to their chest, but the smoke and mirrors games on nominations day, the shuffling of the DPM from a seat he had openly been declared to be defending, and other ministers shuffling constituencies leaves one feeling the PAP thinks it is playing a game of cards. Constituency...

Is a Parliament full of PAP MPs really better for Singaporeans?Is a Parliament full of PAP MPs really better for Singaporeans? I refer to The Online Citizen GE2025 news report, “Lee Hsien Yang: Is a Parliament full of PAP MPs really better for Singaporeans?” - (April 14), and “The Straits Times’ report, “GE2025: Singaporeans will go to the polls on May 3, Nomination Day on April 23” (April 15), and The Online Citizen GE2025 report,...

𝐈𝐧𝐜𝐨𝐦𝐩𝐞𝐭𝐞𝐧𝐜𝐞 𝐚𝐧𝐝 𝐭𝐡𝐞 𝐧𝐞𝐞𝐝 𝐟𝐨𝐫 𝐀𝐜𝐜𝐨𝐮𝐧𝐭𝐚𝐛𝐢𝐥𝐢𝐭𝐲𝐈𝐧𝐜𝐨𝐦𝐩𝐞𝐭𝐞𝐧𝐜𝐞 𝐚𝐧𝐝... Is the PAP of today exceptional, with unmatched competence and delivery? Afterall, that is their justification for the highest salaries in the world. Let’s look at its more recent track record. Large numbers of NRIC numbers were recently unmasked, leaving Singaporeans exposed to identity theft, fraud, abuse and scams....

GE2025: Red Dot United to contest in Holland-Bukit TimahGE2025: Red Dot United to contest in Holland-Bukit Timah I refer to the CNA news, “GE2025: Red Dot United to contest in Holland-Bukit Timah GRC but may make way for Singapore Democratic Party” (April 10), “More opposition 'star catches' are emerging. Is Singapore's political scene maturing?” (April 10) and “PSP says government response to Trump tariffs 'overblown',...

GE2025: Why Singapore's high-flying bureaucrats are recruited into politicsGE2025: Why Singapore's high-flying bureaucrats are recruited... I refer to CNA’s news, “GE2025: Why Singapore's high-flying bureaucrats are recruited into politics” (Mar 28). It is not surprised to notice that in recent weeks, two NMPs and top ministry officials have resigned, fuelling speculation they could be fielded as potential candidates for the ruling People's Action...

More than 2.75 million Singaporeans eligible to vote in GE2025More than 2.75 million Singaporeans eligible to vote in GE2025 I refer to The CNA’s News, “GE2025: More than 2.75 million Singaporeans eligible to vote” (Mar 25). As Singapore’s General Election is due to be held within this year, the following factors will more or less influence the election situation this year: A)The general mentality of voters Voters are generally...

How the end of Ukraine war could be secured, even with waning US supportHow the end of Ukraine war could be secured, even with waning... I refer to the CNA’s commentaries, “How the end of Ukraine war could be secured, even with waning US support” (Mar 4), “Lessons from the Trump-Zelenskyy meltdown- for friends and foes” (Mar 1) and “Will Trump tariffs push China to change economic tack?” (Mar 3). Foremost, we need to recognise the reality...

Singapore Army Recruits Deserve a Minimum WageSingapore Army Recruits Deserve a Minimum Wage Singapore Army Recruits Deserve a Minimum Wage: National Service Should Not Come at the Expense of Opportunity Costs Singapore’s National Service (NS) has long been a cornerstone of the nation’s defense, requiring young men to dedicate two years of their lives to military, civil defense, or police service. While...

Trump-Putin deal on Ukraine will be Europe’s moment of reckoningTrump-Putin deal on Ukraine will be Europe’s moment of... I refer to the CNA’s Commentaries, “Trump-Putin deal on Ukraine will be Europe’s moment of reckoning” (Feb 20) and “Ukraine can survive with the ‘least worst’ peace” (Feb 22). Now, In the eyes of European Union, they have lost trust and confidence in the United States, it is solely due to the flip flop...

From Deepseek to Huawei, US tech restrictions on China are backfiringFrom Deepseek to Huawei, US tech restrictions on China are... I refer to the CNA’s Commentary, “From Deepseek to Huawei, US tech restrictions on China are backfiring” (Jan 31). Would it be practical, useful and effective for the United States to continually pursue an aggressive containment strategy to hobble China’s tech push? Undoubtedly, the answer is obviously not. There...

Don't get distracted by Trump's outlandish Cabinet picksDon't get distracted by Trump's outlandish Cabinet picks I refer to the CNA’s Commentary: “Don't get distracted by Trump's outlandish Cabinet picks” (Nov 25), and “'No one will win a trade war’, China says after Trump tariff threat” (Nov 26). As everyone knows, U.S. President-elect Donald Trump will return to power on January 20, 2025. Trump has dismissed...

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Editorials
Iran’s 'Terrifying' New Arsenal Brings Israel To...

Iran’s 'Terrifying' New Arsenal Brings Israel To...

Iran’s military might continues to keep the world guessing. No one truly knows the full extent of its...
Iran unleashes

Iran unleashes "Doomsday Weapon" the Khorramshahr

After firing 'Fattah 1' hypersonic missiles toward Israel, Iran has now reportedly unleashed the "Doomsday...
Pakistan to nuke Israel if...

Pakistan to nuke Israel if...

Pakistan has conveyed to Iran that if Israel nukes Tehran, Islamabad will launch a nuclear weapon against...
Iran rejects ceasefire, vows retaliation that would...

Iran rejects ceasefire, vows retaliation that would...

Tensions in the Middle East have reached a boiling point as Iran firmly rejects ceasefire negotiations...
Iran burns Tel Aviv with fresh barrage of missiles

Iran burns Tel Aviv with fresh barrage of missiles

In a dramatic escalation, Iran launched a fresh barrage of over 100 missiles targeting the Israeli city...
Iran targets multiple cities in Israel after pounding...

Iran targets multiple cities in Israel after pounding...

Iran dealt a severe blow on Israel for the second straight night on June 14-15. Israel was hit by a barrage...
Iran targets Israel's Dimona Nuclear Power Plant

Iran targets Israel's Dimona Nuclear Power Plant

In a dramatic and unverified claim, Lebanon’s Al Mayadeen news outlet reports that Iran has launched...
Iran's pulverises Tel Aviv with barrage of Hypersonic...

Iran's pulverises Tel Aviv with barrage of Hypersonic...

Iran launched a powerful third wave of overnight missile strikes on Tel Aviv, targeting military bases...
Israel's air defenses breached by Iran's missile barrage

Israel's air defenses breached by Iran's missile barrage

Operation True Promise III intensifies as Iran launches multiple waves of missile attacks targeting major...
Iran launches major retaliatory missile strikes at...

Iran launches major retaliatory missile strikes at...

Iran has launched a significant ballistic missile attack on Israel, with hundreds of missiles raining...
Iran launches hundreds of drones at Israel

Iran launches hundreds of drones at Israel

Following the unprovoked air strikes by Israel on Iran's nuclear facilities, Iran has retaliated by launching...
Israel launches air strikes on Iran's nuclear facilities

Israel launches air strikes on Iran's nuclear facilities

Explosions have been reported northeast of Iran’s capital Tehran, according to the state-run news agency...
Real Footage of China's 2025 Flood Crisis in Yunnan...

Real Footage of China's 2025 Flood Crisis in Yunnan...

Devastating floods and geological disasters have struck Gongshan County, Nujiang Prefecture in Yunnan...
Strong hailstorm strikes China's Xi'an causing airport...

Strong hailstorm strikes China's Xi'an causing airport...

On the evening of May 8, Xi’an, the capital city of China’s Shaanxi Province, was struck by a powerful...
Four parties lost their election deposits in GE2025

Four parties lost their election deposits in GE2025

A total of four opposition parties, the Singapore United Party (SUP), People's Power Party (PPP), People’s...
Level 16 super typhoon devastates multiple cities in...

Level 16 super typhoon devastates multiple cities in...

Northern China was hit by an extreme weather event on Thursday as a massive cold front swept south, colliding...
Level 15 winds destroy buildings rooftops and cause...

Level 15 winds destroy buildings rooftops and cause...

On April 30, northern China was struck by an extreme weather event as a massive cold vortex surged southward,...
TR Emeritus to 'shut-up' on 2nd May 2025

TR Emeritus to 'shut-up' on 2nd May 2025

Please be informed that TR Emeritus (TRE) will shut down its comment function site-wide at 0000 hours...
Opinions
Don’t Rock The Boat

Don’t Rock The Boat

Singaporeans are, by and large, practical people, being mainly immigrant stock. They value security,...
Trump and his ilk are at it again

Trump and his ilk are at it again

Trump and his ilk are at it again. They are not going to back down. Yes, it’s Harvard, his eyesore,...
我们是否该重新思考国防开支的优先顺序?

我们是否该重新思考国防开支的优先顺序?

新加坡政府近日宣布将采购两艘额外的“无畏级”潜艇,引发了一个重要问题:我们的国防力量,到底需要多强? 毫无疑问,一个强大且可信的军队对于保障国家主权与威慑潜在威胁是不可或缺的。新加坡地处战略要冲,国土面积有限,因此需要一支现代化的武装部队。然而,当我们对比邻国——马来西亚拥有两艘潜艇、印尼正逐步扩展至十二艘——新加坡在水下战力上已处于领先地位。这不禁让人质疑,我们是否正引领着一场无声的区域军备竞赛? 问题在于:当威慑的需求被满足后,继续扩军是否已经超出必要? 一艘“无畏级”潜艇的估价超过十亿新元,还不包括长期的运营与维护成本。这两艘新潜艇的资金,若能转用于迫切的民生需求,例如医疗保健、老龄化支援、教育及弱势群体扶助,或许对社会的整体韧性更具意义。 政府一再强调国防开支是经过审慎规划的,但当生活成本日益上升,政府却仍需将消费税(Gst)提高至9%甚至更多,这种矛盾不禁令人困惑。如果某些战略性国防项目能够延后或循序推进,节省下来的资源是否可以用于社会发展呢? “全面防卫”不仅仅是硬件实力,更是要赢得人民的心与信任。让人民感到安心、有保障、受到重视,这种安全感无法靠潜艇来衡量,而是通过每一位国人的生活实感体现出来。 这并非是在呼吁削弱我们的国防,而是呼吁我们重新思考国家的优先事项。当我们继续推进军事现代化的同时,也不要忽视同样重要的任务——巩固社会契约、增强国民凝聚力。   Cwc-Ai  
The three of threes about DPM Heng Swee Kiat

The three of threes about DPM Heng Swee Kiat

The first part of the threes is about the when, the how and the why? And it is about his retirement...
我们是否该重新思考国防开支的优先顺序?

我们是否该重新思考国防开支的优先顺序?

新加坡政府近日宣布将采购两艘额外的“无畏级”潜艇,引发了一个重要问题:我们的国防力量,到底需要多强? 毫无疑问,一个强大且可信的军队对于保障国家主权与威慑潜在威胁是不可或缺的。新加坡地处战略要冲,国土面积有限,因此需要一支现代化的武装部队。然而,当我们对比邻国——马来西亚拥有两艘潜艇、印尼正逐步扩展至十二艘——新加坡在水下战力上已处于领先地位。这不禁让人质疑,我们是否正引领着一场无声的区域军备竞赛? 问题在于:当威慑的需求被满足后,继续扩军是否已经超出必要? 一艘“无畏级”潜艇的估价超过十亿新元,还不包括长期的运营与维护成本。这两艘新潜艇的资金,若能转用于迫切的民生需求,例如医疗保健、老龄化支援、教育及弱势群体扶助,或许对社会的整体韧性更具意义。 政府一再强调国防开支是经过审慎规划的,但当生活成本日益上升,政府却仍需将消费税(Gst)提高至9%甚至更多,这种矛盾不禁令人困惑。如果某些战略性国防项目能够延后或循序推进,节省下来的资源是否可以用于社会发展呢? “全面防卫”不仅仅是硬件实力,更是要赢得人民的心与信任。让人民感到安心、有保障、受到重视,这种安全感无法靠潜艇来衡量,而是通过每一位国人的生活实感体现出来。 这并非是在呼吁削弱我们的国防,而是呼吁我们重新思考国家的优先事项。当我们继续推进军事现代化的同时,也不要忽视同样重要的任务——巩固社会契约、增强国民凝聚力。   Cwc-Ai  
Cutting down reliance on US military equipment

Cutting down reliance on US military equipment

There is a rampant rumor going around that claims Egypt has ordered 48 J10C with a price tag of USD$25B...
2025大选—明确授权,变化中的政治格局

2025大选—明确授权,变化中的政治格局

2025年大选结果无可争议,政府再次赢得了强有力的授权,稳固了其在新加坡政治格局中的主导地位。尽管选举结果并不令人意外,但胜利的过程却并非没有争议和复杂性。 值得注意的是,选区划分的变化在本次选战中发挥了重要作用。陈清木医生与徐顺全医生等资深反对派人物,因选区重划而受到显著影响——传统支持基础被分割或并入他区,无疑左右了某些关键选区的最终结果。虽然选区调整在新加坡选举历史上并不罕见,但其公平性与透明度仍持续引发讨论。 工人党虽稳守东北区的传统堡垒,但未能在本届大选中攻下新的选区。不过,该党仍获得两个非选区议员(Ncmp)席位,虽属安慰性质,却在象征意义上维持了国会内多元声音的存在。 更值得关注的是,本届大选所处的人口背景正经历剧烈变化。新加坡人口从2000年的约300万增长至2025年的超过500万。考虑到多年来出生率持续偏低,这一增长几乎可以肯定主要归因于移民流入,尤其可能在华人群体中增长显著。这一趋势对国家的社会结构和政治生态产生了深远影响。 展望2030年大选,各政党不仅要面对一如既往的选区调整与突发的全球事件,更需正视一个不断演变的社会结构。随着越来越多新移民成为国民,选民构成日益多元,政党在政策制定与信息传递上必须更具包容性与前瞻性。他们必须同时争取老一代公民与新加坡新公民的认同,回应共同关切,并跨越代际与文化差异的鸿沟。 在新加坡持续向前迈进的过程中,其政治也必须与时俱进——反映日益多元的人口现实,同时坚守国家的核心价值观:团结、韧性与务实。 Cwc-Ai
A jaw-dropping election

A jaw-dropping election

This is a jaw-dropping election. For the opposition. SDP’s Dr Chee and PSP’s Leong were deeply disappointed....
The Nation has rejected multi-party Parliamentary representation

The Nation has rejected multi-party Parliamentary representation

Our party suffered great losses and I personally have suffered the greatest hit. But these personal losses...
A False Analogy That Insults the Intelligence of Singaporeans

A False Analogy That Insults the Intelligence of Singaporeans

Minister Ong Ye Kung’s recent assertion that a “co-driver” bears no responsibility if a car crashes...
There is a cost to losing

There is a cost to losing

There is a cost to losing. At least in PAP’s books. And one of the costs is a policy of priority. That...
Hougang Belongs to the People

Hougang Belongs to the People

Thank You for the Reminder, Mr Marshall Lim. It is with no small measure of amusement that one reads...
Its all about trust

Its all about trust

Dr Ng Eng Hen from PAP has pointed out the most important key point about this General Elections, it...
Misunderstanding What Singaporeans Truly Expect from...

Misunderstanding What Singaporeans Truly Expect from...

The government's repeated assertion that it is "easy for the opposition to ask the government to give...
Punggol GRC

Punggol GRC

Punggol GRC is without question one of the most hotly watched, followed and contested constituency in...
Should Singapore Be Concerned About David Neo’s “Action-Takers,...

Should Singapore Be Concerned About David Neo’s “Action-Takers,...

Singaporeans should pause and reflect on the recent remark by PAP candidate David Neo, who said that...
Why Singaporeans Must Reconsider the Dismissal of SDP’s...

Why Singaporeans Must Reconsider the Dismissal of SDP’s...

The Singapore government’s blunt assertion that the Singapore Democratic Party (SDP)’s proposals...
Expect the exchange of barbs in politics

Expect the exchange of barbs in politics

In a political contest, expect the exchange of barbs. And we do not lack any of it in the rallies held...
Letters
Survey finds 30% of Singapore secondary school students...

Survey finds 30% of Singapore secondary school students...

I refer to the CNA report, “An underreported problem? Survey finds 30% of Singapore secondary school...
Trump blinked again on tariffs, but China isn't in...

Trump blinked again on tariffs, but China isn't in...

I refer to the CNA’s Commentary: Trump blinked again on tariffs, but China isn't in the clear. (May...
Podcasts didn't decide GE2025

Podcasts didn't decide GE2025

I refer to the CNA’s Commentary: Podcasts didn't decide GE2025, but they changed how Singaporeans engage...
GE2025: Stunning victory for PAP

GE2025: Stunning victory for PAP

I refer to the CNA’s report, “GE2025: Stunning victory for PAP, winning 87 of 97 seats with higher...
Is a Parliament full of PAP MPs really better for Singaporeans?

Is a Parliament full of PAP MPs really better for Singaporeans?

I refer to The Online Citizen GE2025 news report, “Lee Hsien Yang: Is a Parliament full of PAP MPs...
GE2025: Red Dot United to contest in Holland-Bukit...

GE2025: Red Dot United to contest in Holland-Bukit...

I refer to the CNA news, “GE2025: Red Dot United to contest in Holland-Bukit Timah GRC but may make...
GE2025: Why Singapore's high-flying bureaucrats are...

GE2025: Why Singapore's high-flying bureaucrats are...

I refer to CNA’s news, “GE2025: Why Singapore's high-flying bureaucrats are recruited into politics”...
More than 2.75 million Singaporeans eligible to vote...

More than 2.75 million Singaporeans eligible to vote...

I refer to The CNA’s News, “GE2025: More than 2.75 million Singaporeans eligible to vote” (Mar...
Snippets
Risk and Bonus Management | Strategies at 1Win Casino

Risk and Bonus Management | Strategies at 1Win Casino

Top Casino Strategies Singaporean Players Use on 1Win Users of the 1win platform are increasingly...
Why More Singaporeans Want to Stay Single and Child-Free

Why More Singaporeans Want to Stay Single and Child-Free

Singapore is full of individuals living life in this fast-paced world. The social shift of many individuals...
Singapore’s Sports Industry: A Rising Powerhouse...

Singapore’s Sports Industry: A Rising Powerhouse...

Singapore’s sports industry is on the cusp of greatness, leveraging cutting-edge infrastructure and...
What are the most popular hobbies in Singapore in 2025?

What are the most popular hobbies in Singapore in 2025?

As work-life balance remains a constant talking point in the fast-paced city-state of Singapore, residents...
10 Most Popular Mobile Games in Singapore

10 Most Popular Mobile Games in Singapore

Singaporeans can't get enough of their phones these days, spending tons of time battling opponents, building...
Langkawi to Koh Lipe Ferry: Complete Travel Guide

Langkawi to Koh Lipe Ferry: Complete Travel Guide

Planning a tropical escape from Malaysia to Thailand? The journey from Langkawi to Koh Lipe offers a...
This is not a game of cards

This is not a game of cards

I can appreciate parties wanting to hold their cards close to their chest, but the smoke and mirrors...
𝐈𝐧𝐜𝐨𝐦𝐩𝐞𝐭𝐞𝐧𝐜𝐞 𝐚𝐧𝐝...

𝐈𝐧𝐜𝐨𝐦𝐩𝐞𝐭𝐞𝐧𝐜𝐞 𝐚𝐧𝐝...

Is the PAP of today exceptional, with unmatched competence and delivery? Afterall, that is their justification...
Sticky & Recent Articles

Temasek Review considering starting CNA-like forum on its site and is appealing for moderators

Temasek Review considering starting CNA-like forum on its site and is appealing for moderators

Written by Our Correspondent Over the last few days, we have received several requests from readers to set up a forum for them to start their own discussion threads and to engage in meaningful debate with other readers. The Temasek Review had started a similar forum in the first half of the year, but floundered due to lack of active participation from its readers who still prefer to post comments directly on the site. With our readership increasing by four-fold since then, it may be a good time to revisit the idea. Our only concern is that we do not have the manpower or time to manage the forum. As such, we hope that the forum will be run completely by our readers for themselves autonomously apart from Temasek Review which will enable its administrators to concentrate solely on managing the main site. We have a group of long-term loyal readers whom we trust and we will like to appeal to them to assist us by being moderators of the site - cy, fairplayplease, citizenofSG, fair and square, Exposer, Darth Vader, PeterL, Kennasai, Alan Wong, qussl3, randomnessinmind, XIIblackcat, Time for Change and Concerned Singaporean. All you need to do is to moderate the postings to ensure that our forum does not denegenerate into a cesspool like some others. We will still take charge of the technicalities. Please email us at [email protected] if you are keen to join us as a moderator of the new forum. For those we have left out of the list and wish to contribute as well, just email us and tell us your moniker.  Read More →

简介华惹时代

简介华惹时代

来源:新加坡文献馆 《华惹时代:大学社会主义俱乐部与战后新马政治》The Fajar Generation: The University Socialist Club and the Politics of Postwar Malaya and Singapore,由傅树介,陈仁贵,与许赓猷联合编辑。其中译本订名为《华惹》时代风云:马大社会主义俱乐部对当代新马政治的影响。 英文本全书328页,收录共14篇文章,另有一篇由林建才执笔的《序言》以及两篇由编者撰写的《前言》和《绪言》。书末有两篇附录:《马大社会主义俱乐部成 立宣言》和《对亚洲的侵略》;后者是引发华惹煽动官司的文章。华惹是马大社会主义俱乐部出版的评论杂志。华惹是阿拉伯文的黎明之意。 在二战期间新加坡因英军向入侵日军投降而沦陷为日治昭南岛,二战结束后,英政府虽然重回新加坡建立殖民政府但已经失去道德据高点;这是新加坡走向政治独立的起始点。 1946年成立的马来亚民主同盟是由一群受英文教育的知识分子组成,进行反殖反英活动,过后由于1948年的紧急法令对人身自由的威胁而解散。因此,从时序而言马盟应该可以视为先华惹时代的英文知识分子的政治活动。 1951 年1月,英殖民政府逮捕35名受英文教育的反英同盟成员,其中包括6名在藉马来亚大学的学生;这群学生当时是在负责一份激进刊物《马来亚胡姬花》的出版事 务。政府的目的是要吓唬英文知识分子停止反英活动。1953年成立的大学社会主义俱乐部就是在这种特殊的政治环境下诞生。 《序言》是从二战后这一大时代背景界定华惹一代所处的新加坡历史时段以及这一时段前后的历史情节。华惹一代在经历了昭南岛时代的洗礼而有了政治觉悟,文章就引 用了一段文字来体现这片光景:‘我的教育是要把我调教为一名书记…我学习谋生的技巧而不是如何经营我的人生’ 战后 ‘在经过战争的洗礼和痛苦之后,我拾回我的灵魂从而回到东方人的世界。我拿回了自已的视野。我看到我的祖国是马来亚,虽然我有华人血缘和受着英文教育。我 有必须承担的任务不论那工作是如何的微小,为了我的孩子的孩子我要去建设一个新的更完美的马来亚’。华惹一代就是在这种时代精神感召下为新加坡和马来亚争 取社会正义和公平。 《绪言》是从马来亚学生运动的层面剖析华惹一代的学生政治活动,以及分析处在当时的外在政治格局下学生所从事 的政治活动。其内也分析了受英文教育的和受华文教育的两股学生政治活动的各别状况和彼此间的差异性。文内强调俱乐部的方向和内容和《马来亚胡姬花》有别, 是个更有包容性的反殖民运动活动。文章亦简述了华惹一代在战后以至1963年冷藏行动这一时段内的政治活动和经历,为书内其他文章提供了时代的历史背景。 傅树介的《马大社会主义俱乐部的创始》 仔细记述了俱乐部成立的历史过程,参与其事的人物角色和主要事件发展的始末,以及华惹订名与编辑人员等等的历史过程。文章澄清了一些模糊或不恰当的历史 观;比如在第18页:俱乐部和外边的组织如反英联盟没有任何联系;第20页:没有任何人可以,或者尝试影响与控制我们。 Jeyaraj C. Rajarao的《马大社会主义俱乐部的遗产:影响和回忆》 共长达70页是书内最主要的文章。 作者以历史见证人的角色,通过记述自己在这一时段的经历,具体反映了当时历史环境下一个个人的心路历程。作者先叙述自已的教育和升上大学的过程以及其间在 政治思维上的改变。文章也详细回忆了华惹在1953至1954学年间人与事的历史。文章亦通过对俱乐部其他主要负责人的各别来往的回忆记录了当年人和事的 历史。其内对华惹官司事件的来龙去脉亦有详细记述。作者也回忆了俱乐部在1953至1959年间的一些重要人和事的历史,其中对许通美在出掌国家要职后失 去了当年学生时代的激情显得颇为感慨。 陈仁贵的《华惹煽动案审讯的背景与影响》 从司法审讯过程记述与分析了当年华惹官司的历史情况。华惹是战后的第三宗煽动案官司;首宗案子的被告因为控方放弃提控而无罪释放,第二宗案子的被告因罪名 成立而遭罚款。华惹官司的8名被告因为罪名不成立而当场释放。文章总结时认为,为此,殖民政府和之后的新加坡政府放弃了公开审讯的司法程序,改以逮捕与无 审讯囚禁的方式来对付政治上的异议分子。 傅树介《冷藏行动中被扣留—对帝国主义的研究》 长达65页亦是书内的一篇重要文章。作者开门见山置疑冷藏行动的正当性认为提控条款具有历史疑点;换言之,指控不符历史事实。为此,‘本章要回应冷藏行动 的指控中有关大学社会主义俱乐部和华惹是亲共活动。剖析指控社会主义阵线为危害社会治安的颠覆活动以及反对和马来亚合并。文章也讲述共同行动如何打压在新 加坡的左翼活动,也就是冷藏行动的前因后果。通过分析1960年代政治上的风风雨雨,本章用事件参与者的个人经历编织出事端的内情以反映本地政治的动态,以及在更大的环境下出现在东南亚的帝国主义政治活动’。在这些主题下作者详细记述了当年的许多的人和事,其中就指出了在1963年逮捕他和林清详的内政部 高官就是楊秀华。 许赓猷的《我们在60年代里成长》是作者个人的历史传记。通过个人的珍贵回忆 很形象的体现了一名受英文教育的新加坡青年华人在当年的大环境下是如何的成长,以及对政治与社会现象以及国际大事的观点与感受。在其间作者也讲述了自已对 当年在马大参与俱乐部的华校生的一些看法:‘一个特点是他们强烈支持马来文成为马来西亚的国语并且很好的掌握了马来语文…一些个人如黄昆宝和邓亮洪能够有 效的掌握三种语文,多年后邓亮洪被冠上华文沙文主义者的罪名…我遇到南大和义安学院的学生…我敬佩这些华文教育者在面对不停歇的逮捕和开除学藉的情势下依 然保有着牺牲与坚忍不抜的精神…’。这是一篇感人的文章,反映了新加坡英文知识分子的正义情怀。 陈仁贵的《合并与摧毁新加坡左翼力量》是根据英国档案馆公开的历史文献重新还原当年合并事件发展的真实来龙去脉,以反驳新加坡主流历史对这件历史事件的偏面诠释。比如根据档案文献新加坡左翼政 治活动和共产党地下活动没有关系,也没有接受来自共产党的指令;也没有证据证明左翼要动用暴力阻止和马来西亚合并,左翼政治也没有接受来自北京与莫斯科的 指令。为此,作者重新解读了合并前后的历史过程,其中包括1961年的安顺补选,人民行动党分裂,合并进程,反对合并白皮书,冷藏行动等等,相当仔细的分 析了当年的政治历史过程。 其余文章,如林福寿医生的《林福寿医生狱中声明》;傅树介、陈仁贵、许赓猷的《社会主义俱乐部六君子》Syed Husin Ali 博士的《怀念伟人:Rajakumar 》 等主要是对华惹一代主要参与者的回忆记录,为冰冷的历史添上一些具有浓郁人情味的彩绘。比如Ahmad Mustapha的《我的回忆》让Jamit Singh 这一个书面上的名字成为了有血肉的人物;萧添寿在解释李光耀取消原有的陪审制度时就提及这名工运人物的审讯是导致司法制度变更的原因。 华惹一代是为战后新加坡争取社会正义与公平的政治先行者,都是有血肉的热血时代青年,虽然他们的命运连罪犯也不如。林福寿医生在新书发布会上指出他们的无审讯囚禁远远超出了重大罪犯的无期徒刑,因为这些囚犯在坐牢13年后就可以获得释放。 华惹在新加坡历史文献里虽然是一个熟悉的名称,但社会大众对华惹以及大学社会主义俱乐部的内情所知不多也不正确,主要原因是许多反对李光耀和反对人民行动党 政府政策的政治活动都被视为受共产党支配的反社会颠覆行动。在这一层面上《华惹时代》为新加坡人的新加坡历史填补了巨大的真空。在这其中《华惹时代》有力 的驳斥了新加坡政府对左翼政治的颠覆指控,还原了左翼政治是国家宪法体系内的合法政治活动。 此外,《华惹时代》让英文教育知识分子的政治活动在新加坡历史里不再缺席,纠正了只有华文教育知识分子在争取新加坡独立的过程中做出牺牲的片面历史观。新加坡历史真相是反对不正义与不公平社会现象的政治活动是没有英校生与华校生的区别。事实上,社会上只有正义与不正义和公平与不公平的分别而没有教育源流的区别。教育源流的社会区分是源自殖民 时代分而治之的政治文化。换言之,《华惹时代》在填补历史真空的当几也一并修正了历史观。当然,这种观点只是建构在现有的历史认知上,其定论还有待将来的历史学者鉴定。 在历史的发展轨迹上时有出现令人费解的现象。林建才的《序言》就指出李光耀因为是华惹案的辩护律师而让人误会是名激进派律师。事实上,当年的辩护律师是英国女皇律师D N Pritt,而初出茅庐的李光耀是助理。历史的讽刺就是在于李光耀因为华惹而莫名其妙的成为维护正义的青年律师,而当年为了争取社会正义的年青大学生却让 李光耀在无审讯情况下长期囚禁。林福寿和博树介分别囚禁了21年和18年。  Read More →

崇祯并发症:自恋型领袖的误国

崇祯并发症:自恋型领袖的误国

作者:南方朔 北京故宫后门有小丘,叫做煤山。上有当年崇祯皇帝自缢的那棵树,原树兵毁,后人重植,已枝叶扶疏,成了大树,古木悲风,诉说的都是历史的凄怆和反复的愚蠢。 在此重提明朝 (Ming dynasty) 崇祯皇帝,并无任何借古讽今的念头。而是用当代政治学的标准来分析,崇祯是所谓“自恋型领袖”的最标准样本。领袖极端自恋,小则误己误身,大则误国误民,崇祯的自恋就是个“误”,他“误”了一切。 崇祯是典型的误国亡国之君。可是他即位之初不是这样的。当时魏忠贤滥权,朋党营私,崇祯立即杀魏忠贤并全面罢黜他的党羽,看起来很有一点中兴气象,崇祯也自己照镜子,愈看愈得意,真的以为自己是盖世无双的明君。于是由自恋转自大,由自大变成刚愎自用,刻薄寡恩。 明末出了一堆混蛋皇帝及大臣,但他们再怎么混蛋,还是知道要替国家留一些能吏勇将,去做他们没 有能力去做的事。但自恋刻薄的崇祯自以为是,认为天下只有他是对的,别人都不尽忠报国,于是他连国家最后的名将熊廷弼、袁崇焕这种人都敢杀。他在位17 年,只相信自己和身边一群新的奸臣小人,搞到国事日非,民生更苦,最后是贫苦农民造反形成流寇,在李自成率领下攻入北京。最荒谬的是,崇祯到了最后还不认 为亡国是他的责任!他自缢煤山之前,在衣襟写了遗诏,仍有“然皆诸臣之误朕也”之句。自己把天下搞垮,还以为与他无关,都是别人的事。这种混蛋皇帝,真是 自恋到了疯狂昏瞶的极致! 崇祯皇帝自恋自大自以为是,是自恋型领袖走向疯狂的极端代表。近代政治学对领袖的自恋人格着墨 极多。一般而言,领袖有适度的自恋,把自恋转化成自尊自重以及催化出自我能力的严格要求,这未尝不是好事,但领袖病态的自恋却也所在多有。那种领袖只爱自 己,不爱任何他以外的别人,永远活在自我的良好感觉里,相信自己永远不会错,责任都在别人。当一个国家出了这种自恋型的领袖,老百姓只有“挫咧等”的份 了。 当代知名的领导学专家波耶特(Joseph H.Boyett)在近着《选民进化论》(Won’t Get Fooled Again)里,有一个专章谈自恋型领袖。 他指出,自恋型领袖在达到权力高峰前,由于自恋创造出的形象很迷人,而且自恋的负面效果还没有 累积到足够的量,人们普遍会对自恋型领袖寄予过高的期望,因而有利于他快速攀上权力高峰。但到了这时,自恋型领袖的人格及能力特质里的巨大缺点就会开始暴 露,使他站到很陡峭的滑坡边缘,很容易快速下坠,波耶特还特别条列出自恋型领袖的许多负面领导症状:――他喜欢刻意表演自己的一些专长,如秀自己的英文, 总觉得自己永远对,都是别人误会他、嫉妒他、中伤他;他看不起别人,总认为别人没甚么,他贡献最大;他语言里最常出现的是“我”这个字;他没有同理心也不 想有同理心;他不需要了解别人,只要别人了解他;当别人谈到他的问题时,他通常都会做别的事,用行为语言表示不耐烦;他喜欢用道德语汇自我包装,显示完 美;他对年龄与身体有病态的敏感;他不信任别人,只相信小圈子亲信;他拒绝别人分享成功,也拒绝承担过失;他的决策草率但都有理由;他从不肯定下属,只要 下属效忠。 因此,自恋型领袖是可怕的,他在自恋里误人误己,误天下误苍生。他搭缆车快速上高山,迎接他的 却是个大滑坡。也正因此,自恋型领袖自己要小心了,必须像拚助选一样拚着去消灭自己的自恋自大;而这种自恋型领袖的徒众也要小心了,这种人的自恋自大,是 他们摇旗吶喊造成的。他们要帮助消灭自恋自大,不能继续摇旗吶喊,而应敲锣打鼓的呛出不满之声,看看自恋自大是否老天爷保佑脱胎换骨! 来源:星洲日报/言路  Read More →

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