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Podcasts didn't decide GE2025Podcasts didn't decide GE2025 I refer to the CNA’s Commentary: Podcasts didn't decide GE2025, but they changed how Singaporeans engage with politics (May 9). The 2025 General Election has several features/characteristics that deserve our attention, discussion and reflection: In today era, technological revolution, innovation and advancement...

GE2025: Stunning victory for PAPGE2025: Stunning victory for PAP I refer to the CNA’s report, “GE2025: Stunning victory for PAP, winning 87 of 97 seats with higher national vote share in PM Wong's first electoral test” (May 4). GE2025 has clearly delivered the following key messages/notes from the vast majority of voters: The Workers’ Party (WP) has done a fantastic good...

This is not a game of cardsThis is not a game of cards I can appreciate parties wanting to hold their cards close to their chest, but the smoke and mirrors games on nominations day, the shuffling of the DPM from a seat he had openly been declared to be defending, and other ministers shuffling constituencies leaves one feeling the PAP thinks it is playing a game of cards. Constituency...

Is a Parliament full of PAP MPs really better for Singaporeans?Is a Parliament full of PAP MPs really better for Singaporeans? I refer to The Online Citizen GE2025 news report, “Lee Hsien Yang: Is a Parliament full of PAP MPs really better for Singaporeans?” - (April 14), and “The Straits Times’ report, “GE2025: Singaporeans will go to the polls on May 3, Nomination Day on April 23” (April 15), and The Online Citizen GE2025 report,...

𝐈𝐧𝐜𝐨𝐦𝐩𝐞𝐭𝐞𝐧𝐜𝐞 𝐚𝐧𝐝 𝐭𝐡𝐞 𝐧𝐞𝐞𝐝 𝐟𝐨𝐫 𝐀𝐜𝐜𝐨𝐮𝐧𝐭𝐚𝐛𝐢𝐥𝐢𝐭𝐲𝐈𝐧𝐜𝐨𝐦𝐩𝐞𝐭𝐞𝐧𝐜𝐞 𝐚𝐧𝐝... Is the PAP of today exceptional, with unmatched competence and delivery? Afterall, that is their justification for the highest salaries in the world. Let’s look at its more recent track record. Large numbers of NRIC numbers were recently unmasked, leaving Singaporeans exposed to identity theft, fraud, abuse and scams....

GE2025: Red Dot United to contest in Holland-Bukit TimahGE2025: Red Dot United to contest in Holland-Bukit Timah I refer to the CNA news, “GE2025: Red Dot United to contest in Holland-Bukit Timah GRC but may make way for Singapore Democratic Party” (April 10), “More opposition 'star catches' are emerging. Is Singapore's political scene maturing?” (April 10) and “PSP says government response to Trump tariffs 'overblown',...

GE2025: Why Singapore's high-flying bureaucrats are recruited into politicsGE2025: Why Singapore's high-flying bureaucrats are recruited... I refer to CNA’s news, “GE2025: Why Singapore's high-flying bureaucrats are recruited into politics” (Mar 28). It is not surprised to notice that in recent weeks, two NMPs and top ministry officials have resigned, fuelling speculation they could be fielded as potential candidates for the ruling People's Action...

More than 2.75 million Singaporeans eligible to vote in GE2025More than 2.75 million Singaporeans eligible to vote in GE2025 I refer to The CNA’s News, “GE2025: More than 2.75 million Singaporeans eligible to vote” (Mar 25). As Singapore’s General Election is due to be held within this year, the following factors will more or less influence the election situation this year: A)The general mentality of voters Voters are generally...

How the end of Ukraine war could be secured, even with waning US supportHow the end of Ukraine war could be secured, even with waning... I refer to the CNA’s commentaries, “How the end of Ukraine war could be secured, even with waning US support” (Mar 4), “Lessons from the Trump-Zelenskyy meltdown- for friends and foes” (Mar 1) and “Will Trump tariffs push China to change economic tack?” (Mar 3). Foremost, we need to recognise the reality...

Singapore Army Recruits Deserve a Minimum WageSingapore Army Recruits Deserve a Minimum Wage Singapore Army Recruits Deserve a Minimum Wage: National Service Should Not Come at the Expense of Opportunity Costs Singapore’s National Service (NS) has long been a cornerstone of the nation’s defense, requiring young men to dedicate two years of their lives to military, civil defense, or police service. While...

Trump-Putin deal on Ukraine will be Europe’s moment of reckoningTrump-Putin deal on Ukraine will be Europe’s moment of... I refer to the CNA’s Commentaries, “Trump-Putin deal on Ukraine will be Europe’s moment of reckoning” (Feb 20) and “Ukraine can survive with the ‘least worst’ peace” (Feb 22). Now, In the eyes of European Union, they have lost trust and confidence in the United States, it is solely due to the flip flop...

From Deepseek to Huawei, US tech restrictions on China are backfiringFrom Deepseek to Huawei, US tech restrictions on China are... I refer to the CNA’s Commentary, “From Deepseek to Huawei, US tech restrictions on China are backfiring” (Jan 31). Would it be practical, useful and effective for the United States to continually pursue an aggressive containment strategy to hobble China’s tech push? Undoubtedly, the answer is obviously not. There...

Don't get distracted by Trump's outlandish Cabinet picksDon't get distracted by Trump's outlandish Cabinet picks I refer to the CNA’s Commentary: “Don't get distracted by Trump's outlandish Cabinet picks” (Nov 25), and “'No one will win a trade war’, China says after Trump tariff threat” (Nov 26). As everyone knows, U.S. President-elect Donald Trump will return to power on January 20, 2025. Trump has dismissed...

Putin escalates Ukraine warPutin escalates Ukraine war I refer to The CNA’s Commentary: “Putin escalates Ukraine war by a step, not a leap, with missile experiment” (Nov 23). Foremost, Zelenskyi’s intention to join Nato has greatly threatened the security and survival of Russia. Hence, Zelenskyy has offended Putin and Putin has no choice but to launch a war with...

Will PM Wong address the astronomical ministerial salaries?Will PM Wong address the astronomical ministerial salaries? I refer to The TR-Emeritus opinion article, “Will PM Wong address the astronomical ministerial salaries” (June 14) by Mr Yoong Siew Wah. It has always been a controversial topic which concerns about our top political leaders who receive their salaries that are many times higher than those foreign political leaders. Our...

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Editorials
Strong hailstorm strikes China's Xi'an causing airport...

Strong hailstorm strikes China's Xi'an causing airport...

On the evening of May 8, Xi’an, the capital city of China’s Shaanxi Province, was struck by a powerful...
Four parties lost their election deposits in GE2025

Four parties lost their election deposits in GE2025

A total of four opposition parties, the Singapore United Party (SUP), People's Power Party (PPP), People’s...
Level 16 super typhoon devastates multiple cities in...

Level 16 super typhoon devastates multiple cities in...

Northern China was hit by an extreme weather event on Thursday as a massive cold front swept south, colliding...
Level 15 winds destroy buildings rooftops and cause...

Level 15 winds destroy buildings rooftops and cause...

On April 30, northern China was struck by an extreme weather event as a massive cold vortex surged southward,...
TR Emeritus to 'shut-up' on 2nd May 2025

TR Emeritus to 'shut-up' on 2nd May 2025

Please be informed that TR Emeritus (TRE) will shut down its comment function site-wide at 0000 hours...
Chaos in China as extreme storm destroys homes and...

Chaos in China as extreme storm destroys homes and...

Beijing’s 22 million residents were asked to stay indoors on Saturday, as powerful winds swept across...
China, Thailand, and Myanmar in ruins after devastating...

China, Thailand, and Myanmar in ruins after devastating...

On March 28, 2025, a devastating 7.7-magnitude earthquake struck central Myanmar near Mandalay, causing...
Myanmar 7.7 earthquake collapses buildings in Thailand,...

Myanmar 7.7 earthquake collapses buildings in Thailand,...

A powerful 7.7 magnitude earthquake struck central Myanmar on March 28, 2025, causing widespread panic...
Beijing shocked by earthquake and mega sandstorm

Beijing shocked by earthquake and mega sandstorm

Since March 24, 2025, northern China has been battling extreme weather as a massive sandstorm swept through...
Mega hail causes mass destruction in Fujian and Guangdong

Mega hail causes mass destruction in Fujian and Guangdong

An unexpected and severe hailstorm struck multiple cities in Guangdong and Fujian between March 3 and...
Extreme weather struck multiple regions in China

Extreme weather struck multiple regions in China

On March 2, 2025, extreme weather struck multiple regions in China, with parts of Henan province experiencing...
Happy Chinese New Year 2025

Happy Chinese New Year 2025

Wishing all our Chinese readers:     Team@TR Emeritus  
Huge snow caused numerous disruptions on China's major...

Huge snow caused numerous disruptions on China's major...

As the Chinese New Year approaches, millions of people across the country are making their annual journey...
The rapidly spreading HMPV virus you haven’t heard...

The rapidly spreading HMPV virus you haven’t heard...

Human Metapneumovirus (HMPV) is making headlines as cases surge, especially among children and vulnerable...
4.1 magnitude earthquake shakes Shanxi's Linfeng city

4.1 magnitude earthquake shakes Shanxi's Linfeng city

On the evening of January 10, 2025, Linfen City in Shanxi Province was struck by an earthquake. The tremor,...
7.8 magnitude earthquake devastates Tibet

7.8 magnitude earthquake devastates Tibet

A magnitude 7.1 earthquake has hit Tibet, in the region of Shigatse, which is near the border with Nepal. According...
Outbreak of mystery virus in China

Outbreak of mystery virus in China

China is r eportedly facing a new health crisis as the human metapneumovirus (HMPV) outbreak rapidly...
Unknown Virus Rampages in China; Hospitals Utterly...

Unknown Virus Rampages in China; Hospitals Utterly...

A blogger in China has shared a video, claiming that this isn’t China’s Spring Festival travel rush;...
Opinions
The three of threes about DPM Heng Swee Kiat

The three of threes about DPM Heng Swee Kiat

The first part of the threes is about the when, the how and the why? And it is about his retirement...
我们是否该重新思考国防开支的优先顺序?

我们是否该重新思考国防开支的优先顺序?

新加坡政府近日宣布将采购两艘额外的“无畏级”潜艇,引发了一个重要问题:我们的国防力量,到底需要多强? 毫无疑问,一个强大且可信的军队对于保障国家主权与威慑潜在威胁是不可或缺的。新加坡地处战略要冲,国土面积有限,因此需要一支现代化的武装部队。然而,当我们对比邻国——马来西亚拥有两艘潜艇、印尼正逐步扩展至十二艘——新加坡在水下战力上已处于领先地位。这不禁让人质疑,我们是否正引领着一场无声的区域军备竞赛? 问题在于:当威慑的需求被满足后,继续扩军是否已经超出必要? 一艘“无畏级”潜艇的估价超过十亿新元,还不包括长期的运营与维护成本。这两艘新潜艇的资金,若能转用于迫切的民生需求,例如医疗保健、老龄化支援、教育及弱势群体扶助,或许对社会的整体韧性更具意义。 政府一再强调国防开支是经过审慎规划的,但当生活成本日益上升,政府却仍需将消费税(Gst)提高至9%甚至更多,这种矛盾不禁令人困惑。如果某些战略性国防项目能够延后或循序推进,节省下来的资源是否可以用于社会发展呢? “全面防卫”不仅仅是硬件实力,更是要赢得人民的心与信任。让人民感到安心、有保障、受到重视,这种安全感无法靠潜艇来衡量,而是通过每一位国人的生活实感体现出来。 这并非是在呼吁削弱我们的国防,而是呼吁我们重新思考国家的优先事项。当我们继续推进军事现代化的同时,也不要忽视同样重要的任务——巩固社会契约、增强国民凝聚力。   Cwc-Ai  
Cutting down reliance on US military equipment

Cutting down reliance on US military equipment

There is a rampant rumor going around that claims Egypt has ordered 48 J10C with a price tag of USD$25B...
2025大选—明确授权,变化中的政治格局

2025大选—明确授权,变化中的政治格局

2025年大选结果无可争议,政府再次赢得了强有力的授权,稳固了其在新加坡政治格局中的主导地位。尽管选举结果并不令人意外,但胜利的过程却并非没有争议和复杂性。 值得注意的是,选区划分的变化在本次选战中发挥了重要作用。陈清木医生与徐顺全医生等资深反对派人物,因选区重划而受到显著影响——传统支持基础被分割或并入他区,无疑左右了某些关键选区的最终结果。虽然选区调整在新加坡选举历史上并不罕见,但其公平性与透明度仍持续引发讨论。 工人党虽稳守东北区的传统堡垒,但未能在本届大选中攻下新的选区。不过,该党仍获得两个非选区议员(Ncmp)席位,虽属安慰性质,却在象征意义上维持了国会内多元声音的存在。 更值得关注的是,本届大选所处的人口背景正经历剧烈变化。新加坡人口从2000年的约300万增长至2025年的超过500万。考虑到多年来出生率持续偏低,这一增长几乎可以肯定主要归因于移民流入,尤其可能在华人群体中增长显著。这一趋势对国家的社会结构和政治生态产生了深远影响。 展望2030年大选,各政党不仅要面对一如既往的选区调整与突发的全球事件,更需正视一个不断演变的社会结构。随着越来越多新移民成为国民,选民构成日益多元,政党在政策制定与信息传递上必须更具包容性与前瞻性。他们必须同时争取老一代公民与新加坡新公民的认同,回应共同关切,并跨越代际与文化差异的鸿沟。 在新加坡持续向前迈进的过程中,其政治也必须与时俱进——反映日益多元的人口现实,同时坚守国家的核心价值观:团结、韧性与务实。 Cwc-Ai
A jaw-dropping election

A jaw-dropping election

This is a jaw-dropping election. For the opposition. SDP’s Dr Chee and PSP’s Leong were deeply disappointed....
The Nation has rejected multi-party Parliamentary representation

The Nation has rejected multi-party Parliamentary representation

Our party suffered great losses and I personally have suffered the greatest hit. But these personal losses...
A False Analogy That Insults the Intelligence of Singaporeans

A False Analogy That Insults the Intelligence of Singaporeans

Minister Ong Ye Kung’s recent assertion that a “co-driver” bears no responsibility if a car crashes...
There is a cost to losing

There is a cost to losing

There is a cost to losing. At least in PAP’s books. And one of the costs is a policy of priority. That...
Hougang Belongs to the People

Hougang Belongs to the People

Thank You for the Reminder, Mr Marshall Lim. It is with no small measure of amusement that one reads...
Its all about trust

Its all about trust

Dr Ng Eng Hen from PAP has pointed out the most important key point about this General Elections, it...
Misunderstanding What Singaporeans Truly Expect from...

Misunderstanding What Singaporeans Truly Expect from...

The government's repeated assertion that it is "easy for the opposition to ask the government to give...
Punggol GRC

Punggol GRC

Punggol GRC is without question one of the most hotly watched, followed and contested constituency in...
Should Singapore Be Concerned About David Neo’s “Action-Takers,...

Should Singapore Be Concerned About David Neo’s “Action-Takers,...

Singaporeans should pause and reflect on the recent remark by PAP candidate David Neo, who said that...
Why Singaporeans Must Reconsider the Dismissal of SDP’s...

Why Singaporeans Must Reconsider the Dismissal of SDP’s...

The Singapore government’s blunt assertion that the Singapore Democratic Party (SDP)’s proposals...
Expect the exchange of barbs in politics

Expect the exchange of barbs in politics

In a political contest, expect the exchange of barbs. And we do not lack any of it in the rallies held...
Don't Be Swayed by the Noise—Think Critically Before...

Don't Be Swayed by the Noise—Think Critically Before...

In recent weeks, the political buzz in Singapore has reached a new high. Massive crowds at opposition...
We vote whoever is deserving of our vote

We vote whoever is deserving of our vote

I am surprised that Lee Hsien Loong chose to remind us of the 1997 shameful episode when he, his father...
The Case for a Diverse and Balanced Parliament

The Case for a Diverse and Balanced Parliament

The Singapore government has recently stated that "Good government needs good people" and cautioned against...
Letters
Podcasts didn't decide GE2025

Podcasts didn't decide GE2025

I refer to the CNA’s Commentary: Podcasts didn't decide GE2025, but they changed how Singaporeans engage...
GE2025: Stunning victory for PAP

GE2025: Stunning victory for PAP

I refer to the CNA’s report, “GE2025: Stunning victory for PAP, winning 87 of 97 seats with higher...
Is a Parliament full of PAP MPs really better for Singaporeans?

Is a Parliament full of PAP MPs really better for Singaporeans?

I refer to The Online Citizen GE2025 news report, “Lee Hsien Yang: Is a Parliament full of PAP MPs...
GE2025: Red Dot United to contest in Holland-Bukit...

GE2025: Red Dot United to contest in Holland-Bukit...

I refer to the CNA news, “GE2025: Red Dot United to contest in Holland-Bukit Timah GRC but may make...
GE2025: Why Singapore's high-flying bureaucrats are...

GE2025: Why Singapore's high-flying bureaucrats are...

I refer to CNA’s news, “GE2025: Why Singapore's high-flying bureaucrats are recruited into politics”...
More than 2.75 million Singaporeans eligible to vote...

More than 2.75 million Singaporeans eligible to vote...

I refer to The CNA’s News, “GE2025: More than 2.75 million Singaporeans eligible to vote” (Mar...
How the end of Ukraine war could be secured, even with...

How the end of Ukraine war could be secured, even with...

I refer to the CNA’s commentaries, “How the end of Ukraine war could be secured, even with waning...
Singapore Army Recruits Deserve a Minimum Wage

Singapore Army Recruits Deserve a Minimum Wage

Singapore Army Recruits Deserve a Minimum Wage: National Service Should Not Come at the Expense of Opportunity...
Snippets
Singapore’s Sports Industry: A Rising Powerhouse...

Singapore’s Sports Industry: A Rising Powerhouse...

Singapore’s sports industry is on the cusp of greatness, leveraging cutting-edge infrastructure and...
What are the most popular hobbies in Singapore in 2025?

What are the most popular hobbies in Singapore in 2025?

As work-life balance remains a constant talking point in the fast-paced city-state of Singapore, residents...
10 Most Popular Mobile Games in Singapore

10 Most Popular Mobile Games in Singapore

Singaporeans can't get enough of their phones these days, spending tons of time battling opponents, building...
Langkawi to Koh Lipe Ferry: Complete Travel Guide

Langkawi to Koh Lipe Ferry: Complete Travel Guide

Planning a tropical escape from Malaysia to Thailand? The journey from Langkawi to Koh Lipe offers a...
This is not a game of cards

This is not a game of cards

I can appreciate parties wanting to hold their cards close to their chest, but the smoke and mirrors...
𝐈𝐧𝐜𝐨𝐦𝐩𝐞𝐭𝐞𝐧𝐜𝐞 𝐚𝐧𝐝...

𝐈𝐧𝐜𝐨𝐦𝐩𝐞𝐭𝐞𝐧𝐜𝐞 𝐚𝐧𝐝...

Is the PAP of today exceptional, with unmatched competence and delivery? Afterall, that is their justification...
The sleep science revolution in elite sports

The sleep science revolution in elite sports

Professional sports have entered a new era where recovery science directly impacts performance outcomes....
Sports Betting in Online Casinos as a Way to Improve...

Sports Betting in Online Casinos as a Way to Improve...

In today's world, online sports betting has become not only a popular form of entertainment but also...
Sticky & Recent Articles

林瑞生:更省更好更快,『省好快』

林瑞生:更省更好更快,『省好快』

Original Article Written by Lucky Tan HERE 『省好快』 = 更努力而收取更低工资、或者更努力而收取相同的工资、或者更更努力而收取一点的加薪呢? 以往的旧手法用来吸引外商投资本地总是让工资落后于生产力增长,以使每单元的劳动力成本下降。请外商到新加坡来投资,因为这里的工人便宜和快捷。这样的陈年老套手法只是现在不再有效,因为中国和越南具有更便宜和快捷得多的工人。为什么新加坡政府本身不可以『省好快』呢?房屋发展局可以更快地建成更便宜和更好的居屋单位吗? 新加坡能源公司可以提供更便宜的能源吗?我们的公共交通工具可以更快到站,收更便宜的车资,与及提供乘客更好和更舒适的旅程,而不是越来越像牛群赶市集一样吗? 『省好快』只是适用于工人:他们是这个国家的平凡小市民(lesser mortals)。我们的部长们比起其它国家的官员一定不能更省、更好或更快。在解决新加坡人民所面对的难题时,部长们一向很缓慢。解决组屋供不应求时反应缓慢,解决雷曼微型债券崩溃时反应也缓慢。 工人们不应再接受此种『省好快』方式,它已经导致一大部份的人口面临巨大的收入差距和苦恼。我们应改用『质优智』方式:以质量、优等和智慧的劳动力使我们超越中国和越南。除非本地的生活成本低廉,工人们无法丞担提供廉价劳动力的责任。林瑞生本身并不便宜,作为职总领导的他不应期望新加坡的工人便宜。廉价的外地劳工涌入本地致使错误的信息已被发送给投资者,使他们来此投资时期望低廉的本地工资。低廉工资与新加坡的高昂生活成本不可能共存。如果林瑞生想要『省好快』,在他开口要求工人『省好快』之前,他应首先令自己『省好快』,然后令PAP 政府『省好快』。  Read More →

How to remove your own limiting beliefs

How to remove your own limiting beliefs

By James Oh, Lifestyle Correspondent Happy day to all my loving readers and visitors, What is limiting belief? The beliefs that you have implanted over time and limit / restrict you from living the life of your dreams and diminish your chance to succeed. In this article I am going to share with you some useful tips that can help you overcome your limiting beliefs. 1. HOW TO BE SET FREE You must not be a captive of your limiting beliefs. To overcome this, you need to open your mind and willingly listen to new ideas so that those existing beliefs can be kept in check. By doing so, you will be able to identify these limiting beliefs one by one and replace them with the unlimited beliefs. Eventually you will set yourself free from all these limiting beliefs. 2 HAVE FAITH This unlimited belief need to be rooted deeply inside your heart so as to resist whatsoever resistance along your journey. You must believe in it with TOTAL CONVICTION. In short, you have control of yourself regardless of the circumstances you are in. This is the driving force behind any great success throughout mankind's history. 3. DEVELOP YOUR PASSION Life is full of purposes and to live to its fullest, you need to do what you love. Search for your passion and let your dream take you through your journey. Enjoy the ride and stay focus on your goals. Then you will be surprised as how it will not only assist you to overcome your limiting beliefs, but also help you to create a new course of beliefs that will support you in your journey to success. Being clear about what you want to do with your life helps you to eliminate your limiting beliefs. Once you have a passion for something, your beliefs can do nothing except supporting your journey. I was an extremely shy and introvert person. But when I discovered my passion and became clear about my life purpose, I began to write articles in my blog with an intention of helping people worldwide to achieve their goals. Now, you can see clearly that my passion is more overwhelms my limiting belief so that I can walk through my journey with ease. 4. USE YOUR IMAGINATION TO FAN DESIRE You need more than daydreams and wishful wishes, but also intense and lasting burning desire to work towards your unlimited beliefs. No one can create them for you. You have to develop them yourself constantly and also have faith that you are capable of achieving them. As such, you can see that clarity of purpose and intensity of desire are the chief ingredients of the magic formula. 5 AFFIRM, REINFORCE YOUR NEW BELIEF Put down your own affirmations in writing. By doing so, you tend to have a much clearer view of your pre-set goal. It will further assist you to visualize and work towards your goals constantly. This is because affirmations invoke strong emotions within you that overwhelms your limiting belief and replaces it with new beliefs. Hence, it reinforces your new beliefs. 6. START WITH SMALL AND ACHIEVABLE GOAL This is also a smart move to begin. The small achievement will reinforce your new belief. It functions like muscle. It builds strength from exercise thereby raising your mind's boundaries so as to build up your confidence. One way is to provoke your existing mind to filter all the negative elements 7. STAY FOCUS You need to stay focus on your goal and do not let the circumstance to divert you from your goal. You must stay in control. To do so, you must realize that the power of concentration as well illustrated by  the magnified glass whereby it is used to sunlight to cause the heating effect on the piece of paper underneath it. Similarly, you need to focus as the benefits that it will bring. 8. STAY WITH POSITIVE PEOPLE Be aware that negative people can divert your energy and vitality. Therefore it is wiser to stay with positive and successful people who can give you the necessary support and appropriate advice as well as new ideas that can help you to broaden your mind boundaries. 9. POSITIVE WORDS, ACTION AND APPROACH By consistently using positive words, action and approach, it will attract more lasting positive elements and energy that you need to overcome your limiting beliefs. By affirming and reaffirming, you will not only constantly boost up your confidence, but also assist you toward achieving the highest possible level of unlimited beliefs. Trust that the above tips will help you to eliminate your limited beliefs and set you on a path to ever lasting happiness and success. Please feel free to add to the above list should you have other effective proven measures. Thank you in advance for your kind participation. James Oh   Other articles by James Oh: >> How to retire gracefully >> Steps to overcome major obstacles of staying healthy (Part 2)   About the Author: James Oh is an accountant by profession and he works as a Financial Controller for more than 10 years with several companies in Singapore and Malaysia. He is a full member of the Singapore Institute of Director and he also obtained a LLB (Law degree) from the University of London in 2003. He is happily married with 3 loving kids.  Read More →

民主制度下的一党执政

民主制度下的一党执政

作者:梁捷 新加坡既可以实行国际上通行的多元民主,成为世界潮流即多元民主国家中的一员,又能保持执政党的长期执政,保持着持续政治稳定与经济繁荣的历史纪录。这种做法借用民主之形,施行威权之实,可谓一举两得。 近日,记录新加坡民主党领袖徐顺全博士的短短二十六分钟纪录片《新加坡反抗者》(Singapore Rebel)终于解禁。新加坡政府在今年修改了影片法令,使该片得以归入M18级,可以在加注“成人内容”忠告后播映。这部影片曾在2005年的新加坡国际电影节上被禁映,拍摄者施忠明随后经历警方长达十五个月的调查,并被“严重警告”。 徐顺全早年在美国佐治亚大学获得博士学位,毕业后执教于新加坡国立大学心理系。他于1992 年加入新加坡民主党,很快改变该党的温和作风,使得该党成为新加坡建国后最成功、最激进的反对党。此后不久,徐顺全就被校方指侵吞研究资金,不当挪用百余 美元,用研究资金支付自己向美国学术期刊投稿论文的邮费。徐为此愤而绝食,表达抗议,从此逐渐弃学从政。 2001年,徐顺全在代表民主党竞选期间,路遇当时总理吴作栋,当面指责吴作栋及资政李光耀两人隐瞒国会、向印尼前总统苏哈托提供总值一百七十亿新元贷款。很快,吴作栋和李光耀就向法院提起诉讼,指控徐顺全诽谤。法院作出判决,徐须分别向吴和李赔偿二十万及三十万新元(总额约两百五十万元人民币)。至2006年,徐顺全因未 能付清款项而宣告破产。 在一次美国媒体的采访中,徐顺全以昂山素姬和曼德拉自比。他因抗议行动已经多次入狱,受到折磨。甚至 按照本地法律,徐顺全在2011年前都不能参加国会竞选。目前徐顺全仍积极参与许多国际政治组织,也在2003年获得过“议员全球联盟”颁发的“捍卫民主奖”,但要在新加坡撼动吴作栋及李光耀的政治地位,绝对没有可能。 中国学者萧功秦曾近距离观察2001年度的新加坡大选,亦有同感。当时执政党政府采用了很多技术手段,以法律来限制反对党的活动空间。比如说,执政党即人民行动党宣布大选到正式大选只有两个星期,从候选人提名到投票日只有九天,这就使反对党没有足够的时间展开基层工作,也根本无法有充分时间去争取选民。法律还规定,各党用于选战的经费来源必须登记注册,以防止某些外国势力通过支持反对党而干预内政。 新加坡选举法甚至对安放各党选战标语牌的地段、方位、距离、时间、地点,都有明确的、严格的限制,稍有违规就会被起诉、罚款乃至剥夺竞选资格。所以新加坡民主党在1980年创立,1991年赢得三个议会席位,已是建国后最成功的反对党。新加坡议会共有九十四个席位,宪法规定其中必须要有三个反对党席位。民主党赢得三个议会席位,囊括了所有三个反对席位,在反对党中居首。但与执政党的九十余个席位不可同日而语。 有一位外国评论家这样评论,“在新加坡,通过法律程序迫使一些批评者破产,从而使他们退出政坛。使用诽谤罪起诉来搞倒政敌,是新加坡政界高层惯用的方式。”其实,这种污名化政治竞争对手、用法律将竞争者判为罪犯,施加惩罚,正是古今中外最常用的政治手段。 以这个角度来观察新加坡的政治体制,显然是不折不扣的威权政治,许多方面既不自由,也不民主。但是再来看看新加坡的经济成就,则足以使最挑剔的经济学家闭嘴。新加坡自1959年建国、1965年独立以来,已经保持了近四十年的高速经济增长,人均国民生产总值从四百美元上升至三万八千美元。新加坡国民人均收入已经超越了西班牙和新西兰,是其近邻马来西亚的五倍之多,甚至略高于日本,居亚洲之冠。新加坡属于发达国家,但拥有一般发展中国家才可能的惊人发展速度,按照世界银行的标准,它可能是全世界唯一一个没有民主政体、又非石油出口国的“高收入国家”。 新加坡目前的人口约为四百五十万人,面积仅有六百九十九点四平方公里,人口密度高达每平方公里六千二百人,乃世界人口密度第二大的国家,仅次于摩纳哥。除了交通便捷以外,没有任何资源和能源可言。这种特征的小国,经济上只能依附大国、顺应潮流,新加坡在这几十年内步步踏准,节节高升,几代领导人确实表现出驾驭经济的杰出才能。 经受了1997年亚洲金融危机之后,新加坡经济迅速调整方向,重新起飞。从十年后的数据看,新加坡各方面的恢复水平都要比它的主要对手——中国香港好很 多。香港已经把大多数工厂都转移到了中国大陆的南方诸省,而新加坡通过产业升级来解决问题,制造业依然在国内生产总值中占到约百分之二十五的份额,尤其造船业和生物制药业更是以每年百分之四十的速度增长。 但是本轮危机爆发,小国很难抵御,必定遭受重创。淡马锡公司因投资美林遭受到不小损失,但最近也开始触底反弹。总的来看,新加坡政府和大公司面临冲击应对合理,危机导致的冲击比预想要小,新加坡的经济根基也未动摇。今年上半年,危机影响最深,裁员不可避免,但大多数新加坡大公司努力避免大规模裁员,失业率为百分之三点三,这已是了不起的成绩。 总理李显龙表示,新加坡经济情况目前开始稳定,政府对长期经济发展抱有信心。政府预计今年全年经济将萎缩百分之四到百分之六,已经比上半年估计的百分之八至百分之十要乐观不少。前总理吴作栋更是表示,目前这场全球金融危机,一定会加快全球经济重心向东方转移。 金融危机打击了美国神话,倒有可能使新加坡领导人对自己这套威权政治模式更有信心。李光耀很早就坚定表示:“新加坡的政治制度一定会不断演变,但是这些改变不是为了满足人权组织、非政府组织和西方媒体的要求。” 资政吴作栋更是用“信托”来概括新加坡政府的执政模式,毫不避讳有违民主的政策决议,“政府像人民的信托人,一旦在选举中受委托以负责看管人民的长期福利时,它就以独立的判断力来决定人民的长远利益,并以此作为它政治行动的根据。实际上,新加坡政府的政策从来就不是由民意调查或人民投票来决定的。因此,在执行正确的长期政策时,有时难免会收到良药苦口的反应。但是,正因为新加坡采取了这种托管式民主模式,它才能成功地推行一些虽不讨好但有利于经济长远发 展的政策。有些国家的政府往往会讨好老百姓,老百姓说不行就不敢做了。我们应该拒绝避重就轻……” 李光耀、吴作栋以及李显龙都有强烈的家长作风,李光耀隔代传位于长子李显龙也绝非偶然。吴作栋交班时曾表示:“不是他的父亲选择他,更不是我,他必须经由他的同事和国会来选择。”然而对比他前面的“信托”说,不难理解“由他的同事和国会来选择”背后的真正含义。 李光耀退任资政之前,故意避嫌,国会议员李显龙总被安排在一些不敏感的部门。上世纪八十年代中期,李显龙为当时的国家经济委员会起草一份报告,名为《二 十一世纪新加坡》,实质是新加坡未来发展的蓝图,轰动狮城,成为李显龙重要的政治资本。1990年,李光耀交班于吴作栋,而吴作栋也任命李显龙为副总理。吴作栋执政期间,李显龙也经历了十四年副总理的锻炼。吴作栋请辞总理之际,顺理成章地交班于李显龙。 李显龙现任妻子何晶,长期担任新加坡财政部控股的淡马锡投资公司执行董事长兼总裁,今年初在金融危机的背景下请辞,但仍未找到接班人。李显龙的弟弟李显扬曾任新加坡最大国有企业新加坡电信的总裁,他的妹妹李玮玲医生则是新加坡国立脑神经医学院院长,全都位居要职。民间不乏关于李氏家族“裙带关系”的质疑,但在缺乏“切实证据”的情况下,任何公开质疑都可能会遭到控告,走上徐顺全式的不归路。 在李光耀、吴作栋、李显龙三代领袖的观念中,这些问题恐非紧要。政治合法性的关键一般不在于是否家族垄断,而在于经济是否有活力,政治是否保廉洁。儒家文化向来“只反贪官,不反皇帝”,只要实现经济发展、政治清廉 的目标,那么一切之前的威权控制都能获得合法性认同。 政治学大师罗伯特·达尔就说过,民主不能保证它的公民生活幸福、事业兴旺、身体健康,不能保证他们聪明、和平和公正,实现这些目标,实在超出了一切政府的能力,民主政府也不例外。对一个小国,威权统治在短期内很有可能比民主政治获得更好的绩效。尽管如此,新加坡也一直在推进自身的民主化进程。 理论上,新加坡的政治体制追随英国威斯敏斯特体系。总统是国家元首,却只拥有象征性权力。1991年以前的总统实际一直由议会任命。1991年宪法修改,总统开始由民选产生,任期六年。新加坡实际的政治模式仍然是:精英治国、唯才是用(meritocracy)、廉洁政治、多元种族主义、一党主导(one party dominant)、负责任的报章(包括其他媒体)、法治、法律许可的自由,还有集选区制度、非选区议员、官委议员等等,基本都由资政李光耀一手打造。 李光耀设计政治制度的理念可作如下概括:运用执政党历史上形成的权威资源,通过对政治资源、经济财政资源与社会资源近乎垄断的控制,通过对程序立法的精 心设计,以及经过对选战策略的一系列精巧的技术性安排与处理,而把反对党的活动有效地限制在对执政党不可能造成任何实质性的政治挑战的范围内。 如此一来,新加坡既可以实行国际上通行的多元民主,成为世界潮流即多元民主国家中的一员,又能保持执政党的长期执政,保持着持续政治稳定与经济繁荣的历史纪录。这种做法借用民主之形,施行威权之实,可谓一举两得。 李光耀特别喜欢倡导儒家伦理,主张用儒家的和谐理论来化解社会矛盾,对西方的宪政民主则抱有深深怀疑。他曾说,在东方社会里,最重要的目标是建设一个井 然有序的社会,让每一个人都能享有最大的自由。这种自由不同于西方的自由。哈佛大学的杜维明教授对此颇为赞同,他主张新加坡应充分发挥多元文化的特色,让华族、马来族、印度族、欧亚裔尽量地发掘、创造自己的文化资源,使新加坡的整体文化资源厚而不薄,才能有效地面对庸俗的欧美次文化的冲击。 哈佛大学的已故政治学家亨廷顿也承认,对大多数发展中国家而言:“首要问题不是自由,而是建立合法的公共秩序。人类可以无自由而有秩序,但不能无秩序而有自由。”亨廷顿赞扬李光耀治理下的新加坡是个“近乎完美的社会”,但认为要长期维持这样的社会几乎不可能,人治很难比法治更稳定和更长久。李光耀自称新加坡已经发展出廉洁和有效率的独特政体,可这种凭借个人威权建立的体制很有可能人亡政息。 亨廷顿已经去世,第三波的民主化浪潮肯定已经过去。李光耀在形式上放弃权力,但他儿子掌控的威权政治没有半点疲态,反倒可能在克服金融危机之后更趋稳固。李光耀说过:“在新加坡,无人有权来推翻我!”目前确实如此,不过历史总要后人来写。 来源:东方早报(上海) http://www.dfdaily.com 18/10/09  Read More →

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